W.A.T.E.R. Summer School

W.A.T.E.R. stands for Workshop on Advanced measurement Techniques and Experimental Research. It is an initiative started in 2016 by the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) in cooperation with Experimental Methods and Instrumentation(EMI) committee of the International Association for Hydroenvironment Research (IAHR).

W.A.T.E.R. is aimed to advance the use of experimental techniques in hydraulics and fluid mechanics research. It combines theoretical sessions and hands-on measurement exercises in the laboratory and field. It provides a structured approach for the learning and training workshop series to postgraduate students (aiming specifically at doctoral students), young researchers, and practitioners who are willing to get training in advanced hydraulic measurement techniques. The 9th edition was held at the Institute of Hydro-Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IBW-PAN), Gdansk, Poland, and it was co-organized by IBW-PAN and Vrije Universiteit Brussel under the auspices of the Experimental Methods and Instrumentation committee of IAHR.

During the W.A.T.E.R. Summer School a seminar led by Rui Aleixo (IBW PAN) and Massimo Guerrero (University of Bologna) presented the results of the project Turbulence in the times of Da Vinci: A flow forensic analysis using modern experimental techniques funded by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation in the scope of the Leonardo DNA Project.

The seminar presented the different steps and approaches taken during the project to convert the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci into physical models where experiments could be carried out to obtain the same visual results as the ones depicted in the drawings, allowing to confront measurements with Leonardo da Vinci’s illustrations.

The results from the experiments carried out at IBW PAN and at the University of Bologna, derived from the analysis of Leonardo da Vinci drawings of the plunging jet flow and flow around a bridge pier, allowed not only to showcase the application of modern measurement techniques in fluid mechanics but also to established a dialogue between fluid mechanics and the drawings of the great Renaissance master.

From the obtained results of the flow around the bridge pier, and the turbulence properties of the flow field a speculative guess could be made regarding Leonardo da Vinci’s visual acuity.

Finally, the different impacts and outcomes of the project were presented.

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Recent Leonardo Da Vinci DNA project publications

The key methods paper by Rhonda Roby et al., Sampling techniques and genomic analysis of biological material from artworks, appeared in the Journal of Forensic Sciences.

As reported in a post on 26 May, in their new book “Genìa Da Vinci. Genealogy and Genetics for Leonardo’s DNA,” published by Angelo Pontecorboli Editore, Alessandro Vezzosi and Agnese Sabato present findings from 30 years of genealogical research that have culminated in groundbreaking insights. The book documents an elaborate family tree tracing back to 1331, spanning 21 generations and involving over 400 individuals. The work lays the groundwork for reconstruction of Leonardo’s genetic profile.

Leonardo DNA project counsel Eric Rayman’s essay “Can an Artist’s DNA Help Detect Forgeries?” has been published in the lively art world publication HYPOALLERGIC.

The paper by Massimo Guerrero et al, “Scaling Turbulent Wake Flow Downstream of Isolated Piers in Laboratory and River” where they explore using Leonardo’s drawings to estimate his visual acuity appeared in Results in Engineering.

Article from Rui Aleixo and Masimo Guerrero in Results in Engineering

Massimo Guerrero and Rui Aleixo informed us on August 26, 2025, that their paper: “Scaling Turbulent Wake Flow Downstream of Isolated Piers in Laboratory and River” was accepted for publication in the Journal Results in Engineering. They explored the results obtained in Gdansk and Bologna based on the Da Vinci experiments carried at the University of Bologna.

Here is the online version.

Congratulations to our new colleagues!

Publication of the Genia Da Vinci book with 400 pages and over 850 illustrations by Pontecorboli Editions!

Genia Da VinciThe new book on the Genealogy and Genetics of Leonardo Da Vinci by Alessandro Vezzosi and Agnese Sabato is amazing. It caused a blaze of interest in the Leonardo Da Vinci DNA Project, including many interviews and an impressive series of articles.

Here is the updated list of media coverage as of mid-June.

In summary, there were:
549 articles at 444 different news sites, published in 24 languages in 51 countries
Potential impressions (online articles only): 2.9 billion